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(2011 ). Total 2,855,794. Rank. Density 130/km 2 (330/sq mi) 0.695 medium HDI rank 15th (2017) 79.85% (16th) (Manipuri) Website It elevated from the status of Union-Territories by the North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act 1971 State symbols of Manipur ( Rucervus eldii eldii) ( Syrmaticus humiae) ( Lilium mackliniae) ( Phoebe hainesiana) Manipur ( ( )) is a in, with the city of as its capital. It is bounded by to the north, to the south, and to the west; (Myanmar) lies to its east. The state covers an area of 22,327 square kilometres (8,621 sq mi) and has a population of almost 3 million, including the, who are the majority group in the state, Yaithibi, and peoples, who speak a variety of. Manipur has been at the crossroads of Asian economic and cultural exchange for more than 2,500 years.
It has long connected the Indian subcontinent to and, enabling migration of people, cultures, and religions. During the, the was one of the. Between 1917 and 1939, the people of Manipur pressed for their rights against British rule. By the late 1930s, the princely state of Manipur negotiated with the British administration its preference to be part of India, rather than. These negotiations were cut short with the outbreak of World War II. On 11 August 1947, signed the, joining India. Later on 21 September 1949, he signed a Merger Agreement, merging the kingdom into India.
This merger has been disputed by groups in Manipur as having been completed without consensus and under duress. The dispute and differing visions for the future has resulted in a 50-year insurgency in the state for independence from India, as well as in repeated episodes of violence among ethnic groups in the state. From 2009 through 2018, the conflict was responsible for the violent deaths of over 1000 people. The represents 53% of the population of Manipur state. The main language of the state is Meitei (also known as Manipuri).
Tribes constituting about 20% of the state population are distinguished by dialects and cultures that are often village-based. Manipur's ethnic groups practice a variety of religions. According to 2011 census, is the major religion in the state, closely followed. Other religions include Islam, Buddhism etc. Manipur has primarily an agrarian economy, with significant hydroelectric power generation potential. It is connected to other areas by daily flights through, the second largest in northeastern India.
Manipur is home to many sports and the origin of, and is credited with introducing to Europeans. Contents. Alternate names Manipur is mentioned in historic texts as Kangleipak or Meeteileipak Sanamahi Laikan wrote that officials during the reign of Meidingu Pamheiba in the eighteenth century adopted Manipur's new name. According to Sakok Lamlen, the area had different names in its history. During the Hayachak period, it was known as Mayai Koiren poirei namthak saronpung or Tilli Koktong Ahanba; in the period, it was Meera Pongthoklam. During the era, it became Tilli Koktong Leikoiren, and finally was known as Muwapali in the epoch.
Neighbouring cultures each had differing names for Manipur and its people. The or called the area Cassay, the Kathe, and the Meklee.
In the first treaty between the British and Meidingu Chingthangkhomba (Bhagyachandra) signed in 1762, the kingdom was recorded as Meckley. Bhagyachandra and his successors issued coins engraved with 'Manipureshwar', or 'lord of Manipur', and the British discarded the name Meckley. Later on, the work Dharani Samhita (1825–34) popularised the of the origin of Manipur's name. The term Kanglei, meaning 'of Manipur/Kangleipak', is used to refer to items associated with the state where the term Manipuri is a recent given name. Examples using the term 'Kanglei' Translation Kanglei of Kangleipak/Manipur Kangleicha People of Kangleipak/Manipur Kanglei foods Foods of Kangleipak/Manipur Kanglei style Style of Kangleipak/Manipur History. The Kangla Sha, the state emblem The history of Manipur Meities is chronicled in Puyas or Puwaris (stories about our forefathers), namely, the Ninghthou Kangbalon, Cheitharol Kumbaba, Ningthourol Lambuba, Poireiton Khunthokpa, Panthoibi Khongkul, etc.
In the archaic Meitei script, which is comparable to the Thai script. The historical accounts presented here were recordings from the eyes and the judgment of the Meitei Kings and Maichous (Meitei scholars). Hill tribes have their own folk tales, myths and legends. Manipur was known by different names at various periods in its history, such as, Tilli-Koktong, Poirei-Lam, Sanna-Leipak, Mitei-Leipak, Meitrabak or Manipur (present day). Its capital was Kangla, Yumphal or Imphal (present day). Its people were known by various names, such as Mi-tei, Poirei-Mitei, Meetei, Maitei or Meitei. The Puwaris, Ninghthou Kangbalon, Ningthourol Lambuba, Cheitharol Kumbaba, Poireiton Khunthokpa, recorded the events of each King who ruled Manipur in a span of more than 3500 years until 1955 AD (a total of more than 108 kings). Ningthou Kangba (15th century BC) is regarded the first and foremost king of Manipur. There were times when the country was in turmoil without rulers and long historical gaps in between 1129 BC - 44 BC.
In 1891 AD, after the defeat of the Meiteis by the British in the Anglo-Manipuri war of Khongjom, the sovereignty of Manipur which it had maintained for more than three millenniums, was lost. It regained its freedom on 28 August 1947 AD. On 15 October 1949, Manipur was. Medieval By the medieval period, marriage alliances between royal families of the Manipur kingdom, Ahom (Assam) and Burma had become common. Medieval era Manipur manuscripts discovered in the 20th century, particularly the Puya, provide evidence that Hindus from the Indian subcontinent were married to Manipur royalty at least by the 14th century. In centuries thereafter, royal spouses came also from what is now modern Assam, Bengal, along with ancient kingdoms, and other regions.
Another manuscript suggests that Muslims arrived in Manipur in the 17th century, from what is now, during the reign of Meidingu Khagemba. The socio-political turmoil and wars, particularly the persistent and devastating Manipur-Burma wars, affected the cultural and religious demography of Manipur.
Colonial period In the late 19th century, the British Empire in the Indian subcontinent annexed Manipur, with its status maintained as a princely state. During, Manipur was the scene of many fierce battles between Japanese invaders and British Indian forces. The were beaten back before they could enter, which was one of the turning points of the overall war. Modern history After the war, the princely states and India moved toward independence. The Manipur Constitution Act of 1947 established a democratic form of government, with the as the executive head. Faced with Burma's ambitions to take over the state, in 1949, went to, where he signed the to merge the kingdom into India instead. Thereafter the legislative assembly was dissolved, and Manipur became part of the Republic of India in October 1949.
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It was made a Union Territory in 1956. And a fully-fledged State in 1972. Kangla Gate, the west entrance to the Manipur has had a long record of insurgency and inter-ethnic violence.
The first armed opposition group in Manipur, the (UNLF), was founded in 1964, which declared that it wanted to gain independence from India and form Manipur as a new country. Over time, many more groups formed in Manipur, each with different goals, and deriving support from diverse ethnic groups in Manipur. For example, in 1977 the (PREPAK) was formed, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) was formed in 1978 which states as having received arms and training from China.
In 1980, the (KCP) was formed. These groups began a spree of bank robberies and attacks on police officers and government buildings. The state government appealed to the central government in New Delhi for support in combating this violence. From 1980–2004, the Indian government referred to Manipur as a disturbed area. This term (designated by the or a ) refers to a territory where extraordinary laws under the can be used. The laws allow the military to treat private and public spaces in the same manner, detain individuals up to 24 hours with unlimited renewals, to perform warrantless searches, and to shoot and kill individuals that break laws, carry weapons, or gather in groups larger than four as well as giving legal immunity to the military.
Since 1980, the application of AFSPA has been at the heart of concerns about violations in the region, such as arbitrary killings, torture, cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment, and forced disappearances. Its continued application has led to numerous protests, notably the longstanding hunger strike.
In 2004, the government lifted the disturbed status after a violent attack on a local woman. The rape of a manipuri woman, by members of the paramilitary had led to wide protests including a nude protest by the women association. Geography. The largest lake in the state. The state lies at a latitude of 23°83'N – 25°68'N and a longitude of 93°03'E – 94°78'E. The total area covered by the state is 22,347 square kilometres (8,628 sq mi). The capital lies in an oval-shaped valley of approximately 700 square miles (2,000 km 2) surrounded by blue mountains and is at an elevation of 790 metres (2,590 ft) above sea level.
The slope of the valley is from north to south. The mountain ranges create a moderated climate, preventing the cold winds from the north from reaching the valley and barring cyclonic storms originating from the. The state is bordered by the Indian states of to its north, to its south, to its west, and shares international border with to its east. Flowers carpeting the foothills Natural vegetation occupies an area of about 14,365 square kilometres (5,546 sq mi), nearly 64% of the total geographical area of the stateand consists of short and tall grasses, reeds and, and trees. Broadly, there are four types of forests: Tropical Semi-evergreen, Dry Temperate Forest, Sub-Tropical Pine, and Tropical Moist Deciduous.
There are forests of, leihao, bamboo,. Rubber, tea, coffee, orange, and are grown in hill areas. Rice, a staple food for Manipuris, and other cash crops make up the main vegetation cover in the valley. Climate. The lying on the border of Manipur and Nagaland has a temperate climate.
The climate of Manipur is largely influenced by the topography of this hilly region. Lying 790 meters above sea level, Manipur is wedged among hills on all sides. This northeastern corner of India enjoys a generally amiable climate, though the winters can be chilly. The maximum temperature in the summer months is 32 °C (90 °F). In winter the temperature often falls below 0 °C (32 °F), bringing frost.
Snow sometimes falls in hilly regions due to the. The coldest month is January, and the warmest July. The state is drenched in rains from May until mid-October. It receives an average annual rainfall of 1,467.5 millimetres (57.78 in). Rain distribution varies from 933 millimetres (36.7 in) in to 2,593 millimetres (102.1 in) in. The precipitation ranges from light drizzle to heavy downpour. The normal rainfall of Manipur enriches the soil and helps in agriculture and irrigation.
The South Westerly picks up moisture from the and heads toward Manipur, hits the ranges and produces a massive amount of rain. The climate is salubrious with approximate average annual rainfall varying from 933 millimetres (36.7 in) at Imphal to 2,593 millimetres (102.1 in) at Tamenglong. The temperature ranges from sub0 to 36 °C (32 to 97 °F). Demographics Population Population Growth Census Pop.%± 1951 578,000. — 1961 780,000 34.9% 1971 1,073,000 37.6% 1981 1,421,000 32.4% 1991 1,837,000 29.3% 2001 2,294,000 24.9% 2011 2,855,794 24.5% Source:Census of India Manipur has a population of 2,855,794 as per 2011 census. Of this total, 58.9% live in the valley and the remaining 41.1% in the hilly regions.
The hills are inhabited mainly by the, and, and smaller tribal communities and the valley (plains) mainly by the Meiteis, (Bamons) and (Manipuri Muslims)., Naga and Kuki settlements are also found in the valley region, though less in numbers. The distribution of area, population and density, and literacy rate as per the 2001 Census provisional figures are as below: Demographics of Manipur (2011) Total Population 2,855,794 Male Population 1,438,586 Female Population 1,417,208 Rural Population 1,736,236 Urban Population 834,154 Child Sex Ratio 936 female to 1000 male Density (per km 2) 115 Literacy 1,768,181 (85.4%) Towns 33 People. Others (22.55%) The official languages are Meitei language and English. The term Meitei includes, Christians, and (locally called 'Meetei Bamons'). The (or Manipuri) is the in Manipur and is one of the languages listed in the. Manipur has a diverse group of ethnic groups speaking different languages and dialects, practising Hinduism, Christianity, Sanamahism, Buddhism, Islam and other folk religions.
The languages spoken in Manipur(2001 census) are Meitei (1,266,098), (Poumai Naga) (179,189), (1,91,596), (139,979), (87,950), (48,379), (43,137), (37,553), (32,787), Bengali (27,100), Hindi (24,720), (22,154), (22,187), (20,626), Kom (14,558), Gangte (13,752), Simte (10,028), and Mon (Monsang+Moyon) (7,000). There are 29 dialects spoken in Manipur. Religion. About 41.39% of Manipuri people are Hindus.
Hinduism is mostly professed by, who are majority in the state. However, a large minority of Meitei people practices Sanamahism (traditional Meitei religion) and Christianity. School of Hinduism became a dominant force in Manipur in the eighteenth century when the king, Garib Niwas (1708–48), declared it as the official. This was the Vaishnavism of, the Bhakti preacher of Bengal, which stressed Krishna Bhakti.
The Hindu population is heavily concentrated in the Manipur valley among the Meitei people. The districts of Bishnupur, Thoubal, Imphal East and Imphal West are all Hindu majorities averaging 67.62% (range 62.27–74.81%) according to the 2011 census data. Christianity. Main article: Christianity is the religion of 41.29% of the people in the state. It was brought by missionaries to Manipur in the 19th century. In the 20th century, a few Christian schools were established, which introduced Western-type education.
Catholic schools such as Little Flower School in Imphal, Don Bosco High School in Imphal, St. Joseph's Convent, and Nirmalabas High School continue to operate in Manipur. A majority of the population in the Hill districts are Christian. Meiteism and Sanamahi.
Sanamahi temple at Kangla Folk religions are practised by about 8% of the state's people. These religions have a long history in Manipur. Is the ancient indigenous animistic religion. Sanamahi worship is concentrated around the Sun God/Sanamahi.
The early Meitei worshiped a Supreme deity, Lainingthou Soralel, and followed their ancestors. Their ancestor worship and animism was based on Umang Lai – ethnic governing deities worshiped in. Some of the traditional deities ( ) whom Meiteis worship are Atiya Sidaba, Sanamahi, Leimaren, Oknarel, Thangnarel, Panganba, Thangjing, Marjing, Wangbaren, and Koubru. According to the 2011 population census the 'Other religions and persuasions' category, which included minor Indian religions (other than Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism and Jainism), accounted for 8.19% of the population.
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Like the Hindu population they are concentrated in the Manipur valley districts, where the Meitei people are dominant and account for 14% of the valley population (range 10–16% of the population). See also: and Manipuri Muslims, known locally as, constitute about 8.3% of the state population as per 2011 census. Saint, came toand arrived in 1690 AD in.
They influenced Manipuri Muslims. They belong to the group of school of thought and there are Arab, Bangladesh, Turani, Bengali and Mughal or Chaghtai Turk sections among Manipuri Muslims. The literacy rate among Muslims is 58.6 percent (male 75 percent and female 41.6 percent) below the state's average of 70.5 percent (male 80.3 percent and female 60.5 percent). In 1995, out of 135,000 Muslims, 5,704 had matriculated from secondary school. There was a total of 1,822 who had graduated in addition to 86 technical and professional graduates.
There were 51, 101 Class II officers and 1,270 and 1,663 employees belonging to Class III and IV categories respectively. Government. Main articles: and The government of Manipur is a collective assembly of 60 elected members, of which 19 are reserved for Scheduled Tribes and 1 for Scheduled Castes. The state sends two representatives to the Lok Sabha of the. The state sends one representative to the Rajya Sabha. The legislature of the state is Unicameral. Representatives are elected for a five-year term to the state assembly and India'a parliament through voting, a process overseen by the offices of the Election Commission of India.
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The state has. Security and insurgency. Main article: The violence in Manipur extends beyond the conflict between Indian security forces and insurgent armed groups. There is violence between the Meiteis, Nagas, Kukis, and other tribal groups.
Splinter groups have arisen within some of the armed groups, and disagreement between them is rife. Bamboo is common in Manipur, and an important contributor to its economy as well as cuisine. Above is soibum yendem eromba, a bamboo shoot cuisine of Manipur. The 2012–2013 gross state domestic product of Manipur at market prices was about ₹10,188 crore (US$1.4 billion). Its economy is primarily agriculture, forestry, cottage and trade driven. Manipur acts as India's 'Gateway to the East' through and towns, the land route for trade between India and Burma and other Southeast Asian countries.
Manipur has the highest number of handicrafts units and the highest number of craftspersons in the northeastern region of India. Electricity Manipur produced about 0.1 gigawatt-hours (0.36 TJ) of electricity in 2010 with its infrastructure. The state has hydroelectric power generation potential, estimated to be over 2 gigawatt-hours (7.2 TJ). As of 2010, if half of this potential is realised, it is estimated that this would supply electricity to all residents, with a surplus for sale, as well as supplying the Burma power grid. Agriculture Manipur's climate and soil conditions make it ideally suited for horticultural crops. Growing there are rare and exotic medicinal and aromatic plants. Some cash crops suited for Manipur include,.
The state is covered with over 3,000 square kilometres (1,200 sq mi) of bamboo forests, making it one of India's largest contributor to its bamboo industry. Transportation infrastructure. Imphal airport is the second largest airport in India's northeast., Changangei, Imphal, the only airport of Manipur, connects directly with,. It has been upgraded as an. As India's second largest airport in the northeast, it serves as a key logistical centre for northeastern states.
Links Manipur with the rest of the country through the railway stations at in Nagaland at a distance of 215 km (134 mi) from Imphal. Connects Manipur with another railway station at in Assam, which is 269 km (167 mi) away from Imphal.
The road network of Manipur, with a length of 7,170 km (4,460 mi) connects all the important towns and distant villages. However, the road condition throughout the state is often deplorable. In 2010, Indian government announced that it is considering an Asian infrastructure network from Manipur to.
The proposed (TAR), if constructed, will pass through Manipur, connecting to,. Sangai, the state animal, at Keibul Lamjao National Park. In the wild, it has a habit of waiting and looking back at viewers., 48 km (30 mi) away from Imphal is an abode of the rare and endangered species of. This ecosystem contains 17 rare species of mammals.
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It is the only floating national park of the world. Six kilometres (3.7 mi) to the west of, at the foot of the pine growing hillocks at Iroisemba on the Imphal-Kangchup Road are the.
Some (Sangai) are housed there. Waterfalls Sadu Chiru waterfall is near Ichum Keirap village 27 km (17 mi) from Imphal, in the Sadar hill area, Senapati district. This consists of three falls with the first fall about 30 metres (98 ft) high. Agape Park is in the vicinity.
It is owned and managed by Kamlun Telien of Ichum Keirap. Natural caves Thalon Cave (around 910 metres (2,990 ft) above sea level) is one of the historical sites of Manipur under. It is around 185 kilometres (115 mi) from the state capital and around 30 kilometres (19 mi) from Tamenglong district headquarters in north side. From Thalon village, this cave is 4–5 kilometres (2.5–3.1 mi).
Khangkhui Cave is a natural limestone cave in. The big hall in the cave is the darbar hall of the Devil King living deep inside while the northern hall is the royal bedroom, according to local folklore. During World War II, villagers sought shelter here. This cave is an hour's trek from Khangkui village.
Education. See also: Manipur schools are run by the state and central government or by private organisation. Instruction is mainly in English. Under the 10+2+3 plan, students may enroll in general or professional degree programs after passing the Higher Secondary Examination (the grade 12 examination). The main universities are,. Manipur is home to India's first floating elementary school: Loktak Elementary Floating School in Loktak Lake.
Transportation Air is situated in the capital which connects direct flights from to,. And there is new terminal is purposed to build. Roadways Manipur is connected to all its neighbour states with. Rail Manipur has one railway station,. Pena is an ancient Manipur musical instrument, particularly popular among the Meitei people. Secular theatre is mostly confined to themes that are not religious; it is performed in the secular or profane spheres. In these are Shumang lila and Phampak lila (stage drama).
Shumang lila is very popular. Etymologically Shumang lila is the combination of 'Shumang' (courtyard) and ' (play or performance). It is performed in an area of 13×13 ft in the centre of any open space, in a very simple style without a raised stage, set design, or heavy props such as curtains, background scenery, and visual effects.
It uses one table and two chairs, kept on one side of the performance space. Its claim as the 'theatre of the masses' is underlined by the way it is performed in the middle of an audience that surrounds it, leaving one passage as entrance and exit. The world of Phampak lila (stage drama) performed in the proscenium theatre is similar, in form, to the Western theatrical model and Indian model though its contents are indigenous.
The so-called modern theatre descended on Manipur theatre culture with the performance of Pravas Milan (1902) under the enthusiastic patronage of (1891–1941). The pace of theatrical movement was geared up with the institution of groups such as (MDU) (1930), Arian Theatre (1935), Chitrangada Natya Mandir (1936), Society Theatre (1937), Rupmahal (1942), Cosmopolitan Dramatic Union (1968), and the Chorus Repertory Theatre of (1976). These groups started experimenting with types of plays apart from historical and pauranic ones. Today Manipur theatre is well respected because of excellent productions shown in India and abroad. Manipur plays, both Shumang lila and stage lila, have been a regular feature in the annual festival of the, New Delhi. The Chorus Repertory Theatre, founded by led by started a network of schools in Northeastern India, where more than 4000 students receive education centred on Vaishnava spiritual values. In 1989 he founded 'Ranganiketan Manipuri Cultural Arts Troupe', which has approximately 600 performances at over 300 venues in over 15 countries.
Ranganiketan (literally 'House of Colorful Arts') is a group of more than 20 dancers, musicians, singers, martial artists, choreographers and craft artisans. Some of them have received international acclaim. Manipur dance (Ras Lila). The Shrine – the main theatre also known as Jagoi, is one of the major, named after the state of Manipur. It is particularly known for its Hindu themes, and exquisite performances of love-inspired dance drama of Radha-Krishna called.
However, the dance is also performed to themes related to, and regional deities such as Umang Lai during. The roots of Manipur dance, as with all classical Indian dances, is the ancient Sanskrit text, but with influences from the culture fusion between India and southeast Asia. Chorus Repertory Theatre The auditorium of the theatre is on the outskirts of Imphal and the campus stretches for about 2 acres (8,100 m 2).
It has housing and working quarters to accommodate a self-sufficiency of life. The theatre association has churned out internationally acclaimed plays like and Uttarpriyadashi.
Its 25 years of existence in theatre had disciplined its performers to a world of excellence. Taken from the Mahabharat epic had won Fringe Firsts Award, 1987 at the Edinburgh International Theater Festival. Deals with the story of (son of Arjun) of his last battle and approaching death, whereas Uttarpriyadashi is an 80-minute exposition of 's redemption. Sports.
Main articles:, and Mukna is a popular form of wrestling. Mukna Kangjei, or Khong Kangjei, is a game which combines the arts of (wrestling hockey) and (Cane Stick) to play the ball made of seasoned roots. Is a traditional full contact game played in Manipur, using a coconut, which has some notable similarities to. Yubi lakpi literally means 'coconut snatching'. The coconut is greased to make it slippery.
There are rules of the game, as with all Manipur sports. The coconut serves the purpose of a ball and is offered to the king, the chief guest or the judges before the game begins. The aim is to run while carrying the greased coconut and physically cross over the goal line, while the other team tackles and blocks any such attempt as well as tries to grab the coconut and score on its own. In Manipur's long history, Yubi lakpi was the annual official game, attended by the king, over the Hindu festival of Shree Govindajee.
It is like the game of, or American football. Oolaobi (Woo-Laobi) is an outdoor game mainly played by females. Meitei mythology believes that UmangLai Heloi-Taret (seven deities–seven fairies) played this game on the Courtyard of the temple of Umang Lai Lairembi.
The number of participants is not fixed but are divided into two groups (size as per agreement). Players are divided as into Raiders (Attackers) or Defenders (Avoiders). Hiyang tannaba, also called Hi Yangba Tanaba, is a traditional boat rowing race and festivity of the Panas. Polo Captain Robert Stewart and Lieutenant Joseph Sherer of the British colonial era first watched locals play a rules-based pulu or sagolkangjei (literally, horse and stick) game in 1859. They adopted its rules, calling the game polo, and playing it on their horses.
The game spread among the British in Calcutta and then to England. Apart from these games, some outdoor children's games are fading in popularity. Some games such as Khutlokpi, Phibul Thomba, and Chaphu Thugaibi remain very popular elsewhere, such as in. They are played especially during the Khmer New Year. First of its kind in India, National Sports University will be constructed in Manipur. Festivals.
The Lai Haroaba Manipur dance festival showcases the folk dances of Manipur. The festivals of Manipur are Lui-ngai-ni Ningol Chakouba, Yaoshang, Gan-ngai, Chumpha, Cheiraoba, Kang and Heikru Hidongba, as well as the broader religious festivals,. Most of these festivals are celebrated on the basis of lunar calendar. Almost every festival celebrated in other states of India is observed here, and it makes Manipur a mini metropolis. On 21 November 2017, the Sangai Festival 2017 was inaugurated by President Ram Nath Kovind in Manipur.
Sangai Festival 2017 is held for 10 days. It is named after Manipur's state animal, the brow-antlered Sangai deer.
The Sangai Festival showcases the tourism potential of Manipur in the field of arts & culture, handloom, handicrafts, indigenous sports, cuisine, music and adventure sports etc. Ningol Chakouba Held in November, this is a social festival of the Meiteis and many communities of Manipur where married women (Ningol) are invited (Chakouba, literally calling to a meal; for dinner or lunch) to a feast at their parental house with their children. Besides the feast, gifts are given to the women/invitees and to their children. It is the festival that binds and revives the family relations between the girls married away and the parental family. Nowadays, other communities have started celebrating this kind of a family-bonding festival. It is held every year on the 2nd lunar day of Heyangei (mostly during the month of November; sometimes it falls in October). 'Ningol' can mean (daughter) a family's woman or a girl child and is not necessarily married.
Kut Held after the Harvest festival in November, this festival predominantly celebrated by Kuki-Chin-Mizo tribes in Manipur has become one of the leading festivals of the state. Kut is not restricted to a community or tribe — the whole state populace participates in merriment. On 1 November of every year the state declared holiday for Kut celebration. The festival is marked by cultural events such as traditional dances, folk dances, songs, sports and the Miss Kut contest.
It is a festival of peace and thanksgiving to the Almighty for the harvests. Yaosang. Cheiraoba is a celebration of the new year during the spring season. People feast (top), then climb up a hill together later in the day to signify overcoming hurdles and reaching new heights in the new year. Cheiraoba Also known as Sajibugi Nongma Panba and held in March or April, Cheiraoba is the new year of Manipur.
It is observed on the first lunar day of the lunar month Sajibu (March/April) and so it is also popularly known as Sajibu Cheiraoba. People of Manipur clean and decorate their houses and make a sumptuous variety of dishes to feast upon after offering food to the deity on this day. After the feast, as a part of the rituals, people climb hill tops; in the belief that it would excel them to greater heights in their worldly life.
Gaan-Ngai is the greatest festival of the people. It is a five-day festival and is usually performed on the 13th day of the Meitei month of Wakching as per the Meitei calendar of the. See also. References.